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Acousto-optic deflector

The acousto-optic deflector is a practical gadget developed by using acousto-optic effects. It has actually been widely made use of in beam control, optical signal handling, optical computer, optical interaction as well as various other fields. An acousto-optic deflector is a functional tool designed by using acousto-optic results. It has actually been widely made used in light beam control, optical signal handling, optical computing, optical interaction, and also various other areas. Acousto-optical result When the ultrasonic wave propagates in the acousto-optic crystal, it will certainly lead to the routine modification of the crystal's refractive index, comparable to the generation of a phase quantity grating, and the case light will diffract. Altering the power and frequency of the ultrasonic field can properly regulate the diffracted light's instructions, strength, and regularity. L.Brillouin initially predicted the acousto-optic effect in 1922. American researchers P. Dalbye and also W.ears confirmed the existence of acousto-optic diffraction through experiments. Consequently, because of the look of laser, from 1966 to 1976, the concept of acousto-optical communication and also the study of acousto-optical tools have actually been swiftly established, amongst which Dixon's Dixon formula, W.r.kalin as well as B.D.Conook's acousto-optical paired wave equation and also I.C.Hang's concept of momentum matching and a mismatch have continuously improved individuals' cognition of acousto-optical effects. C. Riam, as well as N. Nath, described the connection between the multi-order diffraction light and the first-order diffraction light in acousto-optic diffraction making use of the coupled wave formula. They split the modes of acousto-optic activity right into Bragg diffraction and also Raman-Nath diffraction. The acousto-optic interaction has a particular length of L0, and the interaction area of the Raman Neiss acousto-optic effect is relatively brief, L ≤ L0. The acousto-optic crystal amounts to an airplane grating, as well as the instructions for event light are not strict as well as can produce multi-level diffraction light. The communication area of the Bragg acousto-optical impact is reasonably long, L ≥ 2L0, and the whole crystal is equivalent to an individual grating, which has rigorous requirements on the direction of case light. Only the case light conference Bragg's problem can create diffraction light, and also the sophisticated diffraction light is practically negated, leaving just the 0 as well as ± 1 order diffraction light.
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Nd: YAG crystal

Nd: YAG crystal product, likewise called neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal, is a kind of laser medium crystal with excellent thorough performance for solid-state laser. YAG has been as well as will certainly remain to be a lot more commonly used laser crystal; whether solid state or lamp pump, CW or pulse, it has a special combination of characteristics conducive to laser operation. Nd: YAG pump tube of making use of turned-on materials crystal mostly krypton lamp or xenon light and also pump broadband exhaust spectrum is a constant spectrum, however just a few set spectrum tops taken in by neodymium ions, so the pump is only a tiny part of the useful spectrum power is used, and most are not taken in spectrum energy is transformed to heat, so the power utilization ratio is low. The Nd: YAG absorption spectrum ranges from 0730 to 0760 microns as well as 0.790 microns to 0.820 microns. The range can be soaked up, and afterward, it will certainly create the atom to shift from lower to higher energy levels. Some atoms that transition to a higher power level will change to a reduced power level, and a single spectrum with the same frequency will be released. Still, the discharged spectrum has no fixed direction as well as stage, so the laser can not be developed yet. When the energetic compound was positioned on 2 mirrors parallel to each other, one was 100% reflective, and also the other was 50% transferred. In this optical cavity, the non-axially circulated monochromatic spectrum is eliminated from the cavity: the axially propagated single spectrum propagates to and fro in the cavity. When a single range propagates backward and forward through the laser product, it is described as a "self-excited oscillation" in the resonator. When the pump lamp provides enough energy, the high-level atom in the laser product, the high-level atom has the spontaneous emission change, and also the acceptance in between both energy levels has three processes: the stimulated discharge transition and also the boosted emission absorption change. The excitation light generated by the promoted emission change has the very same frequency and stage as the incident light. When light is duplicated via the resonator in the "particle number turnaround state" of the active material, increase the exact same regularity of single spectral light strength to create a laser, high permeability laser in the resonator can transmit 50% in the mirror emission, come to be a constant laser.
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Nd: GdVO4 Crystal

Nd: GdVO4(Gadolinium doped vanadate crystal) is an excellent laser crystal similar to yttrium doped vanadate single crystal (Nd: YVO4). It has excellent physical, optical, and mechanical properties, and is one of the ideal laser working materials for laser diode-pumped all-solid-state (DPSS) micro-lasers. It has higher slope efficiency than Nd: YAG, better thermal conductivity, and higher output power than yttrium vanadate, so the effect of using Nd: GdVO4 is better than using Nd: YAG and Nd: YVO4 in high-power DPSS. Advantage Large stimulated cross-section High absorption coefficient and wide absorption bandwidth have little dependence on pump wavelength Good thermal conductivity Low laser threshold
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KTP crystals

As you know, electro-optical crystals have important applications in modern optics and laser technology. Fast light shutter, Q switch, amplitude modulator, phase modulator, electro-optical deflector, and so on need to be manufactured by electro-optical crystal. The application of these electro-optical devices improves the performance of laser, expands the application range of laser, and promotes the development of laser technology. KTP crystals have excellent electro-optical properties as well as excellent frequency doubling properties. Since 1986, various KTP electro-optical devices have been studied and applied. Because the size of KTP crystals grown by the hydrothermal method is limited and the price is higher than KD*P and LN crystals, it is difficult to popularize and apply. KTP crystals grown by the molten salt method have high conductivity and are not suitable for electro-optic modulation, although there is no size limitation. The successful development of low-conductivity KTP crystals by the fused salt method has greatly promoted the practical application of KTP electro-optic devices, especially in the field of high-frequency modulation. It is possible to replace KD*P and LN electro-optic devices.
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GGG Series Crystal

Nd: GGG has good mechanical and chemical stability, high thermal conductivity, wide pump absorption band, long fluorescence life, pump light absorption, and energy storage are good, suitable for a flash lamp, LD pump, can realize continuous wave and pulse laser operation. It can recognize the advantages of working in laser and phase separation during the cooling process during the rapid cooling of crystal so that it plays an increasingly important role in the field of fully cured high power laser. This material is the preferred working material for LD-pumped high-power solid heat capacity lasers. https://www.laser-crylink.com/laser-products/laser-crystal/nd-ggg-crystal/ Nd: GSGG is a laser crystal with excellent performance, which has important application prospects in the field of solid intense laser. The 2.7-3μm band of Er: YSGG laser is in the strong absorption zone of water. When it is used to cut human tissues with high water content, the penetration depth is only about 1μm, the thermal damage range is small, and the window healing time is fast. Therefore, Er: YSGG laser is the ideal working band for delicate surgery, which makes the Erbium laser widely used in medicine and biotechnology.
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Three basic laser crystals

At present, the laser matrix material made use of in all-solid-state lasers is laser crystals, which can transform the energy provided by the exterior with an optical resonator into a very parallel and also single laser that is systematic in space and also time. After years of advancement, the number of laser matrix crystals has increased from the first few to dozens, of which the 3 most commonly used are neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG), neodymium-doped yttrium aluminate (Nd: YVO4) and titanium-doped sapphire (Ti: Al2O3), they are also jointly described as "three basic laser crystals". (1) Nd: YAG crystal General laser crystals are YAG products, called yttrium aluminum garnet. As a commercial use, more are high yttrium aluminum garnet, that is to state, blended with various elements to attain different effects. Usual ones consist of Nd: YAG, Er: YAG, Yb: YAG, Cr, Tm, Ho: YAG, and more. Nd: YAG crystal is a solid laser product with the very best comprehensive efficiency, with high gain, low limit, high performance, low loss, thermal conductivity as well as excellent thermal impact resistance qualities, appropriate for a variety of laser working settings (continual, pulse, Q switch, setting locking, frequency increasing, etc), extensively utilized in industrial, clinical, the army as well as clinical research areas.
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Magneto-optical glass

Faraday rotating glass Magnetic practical glass describes a kind of glass in which the polarization aircraft of light rotates forward or reverse when the glass is placed in an electromagnetic field. Magnetically rotating glass, referred to as Faraday rotating glass, is a new clear optical functional product created in recent years. It can rotate the polarization aircraft of a linearly polarized light beam parallel to an electromagnetic field. The Verdet constant of magneto-optical glass is smaller than that of crystal series. Still, it shows strong vitality in applying magneto-optical gadgets due to benefits such as good light transmittance, excellent optical harmony, small cost, prominent resources, and, specifically, very easy to generate large-size items. (1) Inverse magnetic glass In the used electromagnetic field, the ions with the electron layer structure of the gas show inverted magnetism. The ions that make up the glass network forming the body and the outer body of the network, such as Si4+, Na+, Ca2+, Ba2+, and Pb2+, all have the framework of the filled electron layer, so they reveal inverse magnetism in the electromagnetic field.
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Cr: YAG crystal

The passive Q-switched laser technology can generate nanosecond or even subnanosecond laser pulses. The laser pulse is widely used in laser micromachining, communication sensing, and radar. Cr4+∶YAG has the advantages of a large absorption cross-section, short relaxation time, low saturation light intensity, and stable physical and chemical properties. It has been widely used in Nd: YAG crystal and Yb: YAG crystal as passive Q-switched lasers. Cr: YAG crystals are excellent passive Q-switched crystals for a large number of 1μm Nd ytterbium lasers. q switch has high output efficiency and is suitable for repeated frequency operation. It has a higher light damage threshold, is more stable and durable than dyes and color-centered saturation absorbers, and can sometimes replace electro-optical Q-switch output high-power laser pulses. Cr: YAG crystals have excellent physical and chemical properties and can be used not only as a q-switch but also as a gain medium. The q-switching operation of pulsed Nd: YAG laser and continuous wave Nd: YAG laser is achieved by using Cr: YAG as q switch and continuous wave tunable and self-mode-locking operation by using Cr: YAG as the gain medium. Cr: YAG is superior in many aspects compared to traditional saturated absorbers. The doping concentration of Cr4+ ions in Cr: YAG is as high as 1018cm-3, which can effectively reduce the size of the passive q-switching element. It is beneficial to achieve high optical conversion efficiency, integration, and compact passive Q-switched laser. Cr4 +: YAG crystal Chinese name chromium doped yttrium aluminum garnet is the wavelength at 0.8 to 1,2μm laser (Nd: YAG and other doping Nd or Yb) Q switch ideal material. A notable feature of Cr4+: YAG is its high damage threshold of 500-1000 MW/cm2. Its absorption band extends from 800 nm to 1200 nm and peaks at about 1060nm, with a very large cross-sectional area of absorption peak. Cr: YAG crystal main characteristics:  - 500-1000 MW/cm2 high damage threshold
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