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PLM Technologies in Electric Vehicles — EVMechanica

PLM encompasses a complete journey of the product from managing requirements to supporting product services. Electric Vehicles (EVs) are not new to the industry but their rapid growth in the recent past is redefining the transportation industry of the future. EV focuses on delivering user experience and not just addressing the core needs of transportation. Hence the complexity to manage the requirements of EVs is completely different from how conventional automotive vehicles were managed and delivered. This rapid growth is fueled by the adoption of various digital technologies by organizations that build them so that they can connect the bridge between what end users want, to what technology can do. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is one of the primary systems that manages product data and authors it for further consumption across the enterprise. While PLM is a tool that manages product data across its lifecycle, it is the business processes that are implemented in them that determine how the cost, quality, and time to market the product is well managed. Inefficient business process slows down product realization. Early adopters of PLM used this as a system to manage and release the Computed Aided Design (CAD) data through a structured design Bill of Materials (BOM) authored by the engineering team. In today’s world, PLM encompasses a complete journey of the product from managing requirements to supporting product services. The first challenge that the EV industry faces is more around the need to collaborate between Mechanical, Electrical, Electronics, and Software components which need to coexist and must be engineered simultaneously. The second challenge that they face is the ability to bring new EVs into the market at an accelerated pace to reduce New Product Introduction (NPI) timelines which require the engineering and manufacturing teams to work concurrently. The third challenge is more in terms of establishing end-to-end traceability between different systems and enhancing the reusability of systems, sub-systems, and components. To solve the above problems, EV OEMs implement a digital backbone that addresses the concerns with short-term and long-term objectives. While Product Lifecycle Management creates a foundation to solve these problems, what is really needed is a digital transformation with PLM at the core. Digital transformations focus on four major pillars namely People, Processes, Data, and Technology. Business processes at its core is what differentiates an organization from another in terms of the adoption of tools and technology. To shift gears, an organization needs to review its business processes and make changes as required to address the needs of an electric vehicle. As part of the digital strategy, a well-defined blueprint is created to understand their current IT landscape, current processes, gaps in the processes, areas of improvement, target state architecture, and more importantly a roadmap that leads them to their final goal. The EV industry focuses on leveraging PLM by making it a single source of all engineering and Manufacturing Engineering data. A One PLM strategy is typically taken as a quick-start approach to ensure that data gets authored once and consumed across the enterprise. All product requirements are managed centrally and then cascaded to individual disciplines for further decomposition before jumping into the detailed physical design of components. EV focuses on building the right systems that address these requirements. A Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach is taken to define Functional and Logical models before getting into physical designing. This approach helps EV organizations to reuse systems across multiple platforms. This approach not only consumes the design data but also all associated test and validation reports managed in PLM, thereby, establishing traceability. EV carries software binaries that run into Giga Bytes, which typically is the brain behind the vehicle. These software packages need to be managed in the context of the EV as a product hence there is a strong link that needs to be built between PLM, which manages the Mechanical, Electrical and Electronic data, to Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) which manages the software development. The digital maturity of software development and release processes is much higher than product development, so EV organizations do not focus on bringing them into one system but develop an integration between PLM and ALM so that software is managed as an object in PLM and the requirements are tagged to the software binaries to establish traceability. It is important to manage this traceability as the industry today is facing a challenge in managing the hardware-to-software interoperability matrix. The integration we are referring to is not just tool integration, but process integration like Change Management, Release Management, etc. The complexity of Hardware-to-Software continues to increase and to mitigate this, EV organizations focus on building the required processes and toolchain that adheres to an industry framework, namely, Automotive Software Process Improvement Capability determination (ASPICE). From the concept car shown to customers in auto shows to building pre-production of the vehicle, EV organizations are always running behind time, to bring the product faster to market, thus requiring multiple departments to work together on the product. Be it Engineering teams creating the Engineering Bill of Materials (EBOM), Procurement teams working with suppliers for long lead items, Vehicle integration teams performing Digital Mockups (DMUs), Engineering teams working with global design centers to co-design, Manufacturing Engineering teams to perform manufacturing simulations and create Manufacturing Bill of Materials (MBOM) and Bill of Process (BOP). The challenge is that underlying data is changing continuously based on the feedback received, and to address this challenge PLM implements various processes that are tightly integrated and EV industries implement the following modules, namely, Requirements Management, CAD Data Management, BOM Management, Change Management, Variants, and Configuration Management, Issue Management, Document Management, Visualization Management, Compliance Management, Supplier Management. To have the entire organization consume the data it is essential that PLM provide the required integrations to downstream applications. EV focuses on three major enterprise systems which are their lifeline for them. The industry calls them ‘The Holy Trinity’ and they comprise of PLM, ERP, and MES which need to be communicated efficiently for the enterprise to bring the product dream to reality. A fourth element is being included these days, which is ALM, and, given the value, the software brings to an EV, organizations focus not just on integrating these IT systems, but more on the process integrations so that value of data is realized. It also helps in close-loop communication for efficient impact analysis leading to effective change management at the enterprise level. The establishment of Digital Thread is essential for an organization to leverage the data and drive a continuous feedback cycle. This also enables upstream applications to create and validate data that will be consumed by downstream applications in a useful manner. EV organizations also enable a data analytics layer to pull data from the ‘Holy Trinity’ and beyond, so that meaningful information can be derived which also provides the organization an opportunity to analyze data on a real-time basis. Business Information (BI) dashboards are created for a quick overview of status through slices of data and quick decisions can be made to make any course corrections to the program. EV organization typically has a DNA that is fast-paced, new age EV OEMs carry very few legacy applications and hence can carve out new ways of working, to manage enterprise applications like PLM. IT infrastructure is a critical element but is considered overhead, and to overcome this, EV organizations are adopting a cloud strategy. Thanks to the new technology evolution in security, data protection, and connectivity, PLM and ERP cloud adoption is picking up pace and more organizations are embracing cloud strategy. These organizations have also changed their way of working to follow a more agile way of development and DevOps practices to launch new functionality to end users periodically. PLM also contributes to measuring the organization’s contribution to sustainability and climate change by helping them with data points to measure the organization’s total environmental impact, including but not limited to, source and procurement of raw materials, translation of raw materials to product production, delivery, consumer use, and disposal of the EV by the consumer in near future. These system-driven measures will help an organization take proactive action on product reusability, and limit carbon emissions where needed, thus contributing to a better future for the civilization. In summary, EVs today are fully leveraging digital tools and technologies like PLM so that vehicle design, vehicle engineering, vehicle manufacturing, and testing are completely validated in the digital world before bringing it to the physical world. This helps them in transforming their vision into reality in a time-bound manner. EVs continue to raise the bar in the adoption of PLM and leverage the implementation partners to bring in the best in class to implement and manage their PLM systems. In the coming years, as the adoption of EVs as a transportation solution to a greener world is increasing, we are going to see the scope of PLM increase and play a larger part in reducing the design and manufacturing complexity by integrating people, processes, and data in an efficient way. About the Author: Anand Ananthanarayanan, VP & Global Delivery Head for PLM, Tata Technologies Engineering Automation Enthusiast, with a determination to bring in new technology solutions to automate engineering and manufacturing principles across the product development lifecycle. Originally published at https://www.tatatechnologies.com on January 4, 2023.

Tough Times Call for Mood Off Quotes

Life can be challenging at times, and we all face situations that can leave us feeling overwhelmed, frustrated, or even defeated. During these tough times, it's essential to have a way to cope with these negative emotions and find a way to keep going. One way to do that is by turning to mood off quotes. Mood off quotes are phrases or sayings that capture the essence of negative emotions, such as sadness, anger, or disappointment. They are powerful tools that can help us express our feelings, find comfort, and even provide inspiration during difficult times. Here are Some Examples of Mood off Quotes that can Help you Get Through Tough Times: "When life gives you a hundred reasons to cry, show life that you have a thousand reasons to smile." "Tough times don't last, but tough people do." "Sometimes, you have to go through the worst to get to the best." "Every day may not be good, but there is something good in every day." "You're allowed to scream, you're allowed to cry, but do not give up." "Pain is inevitable, suffering is optional." "You are stronger than you think." "This too shall pass." "Don't let the darkness swallow you whole." "You are not alone." Reading these mood off quotes can help you gain perspective, find motivation, and stay positive during difficult times. They can remind you that you're not alone and that there is always hope, even when things seem impossible. In addition to turning to mood off quotes, there are other things you can do to cope with tough times. Here are some tips: Practice self-care: Taking care of yourself is essential during difficult times. Make sure to eat well, exercise, and get enough rest. Reach out for support: Talk to friends, family, or a mental health professional if you need help coping with negative emotions. Find a creative outlet: Writing, painting, or playing music can help you express your emotions and find a sense of relief. Focus on what you can control: There are some things in life that we can't control, but we can always control our reactions and attitudes towards them. Conclusion Tough times call for mood off quotes. They are powerful tools that can help us cope with negative emotions, gain perspective, and find motivation during difficult times. Remember to take care of yourself, reach out for support when needed, and focus on the things you can control.

All You Need to Know About Maritime Trade Law in the UAE

The United Arab Emirates is the central shipping point in the Middle East, operating several ports in the country, which contribute substantially to the GDP of the UAE. The law regulating the shipping industry and maritime trade is the Federal Law No. 26 of 1981 (Maritime Code). The Maritime Code regulates the procedure of registration of vessels, contracts of carriage, liens, limitation of liability, accidents or collisions of vessels, and arrest and sale of the vessels, amongst other things. Vessels Having UAE Nationality The Maritime Code defines vessels under Article 11/1 as follows. A vessel is any structure normally operating, or set for the purpose of operating, in the field of maritime navigation, regardless of its power, tonnage, or the purpose of navigation thereof. Every vessel is required to have a name, nationality, a flag to fly and a port of registry under Article 13. The registration and flag of the vessel determine its nationality and the country which exercises regulatory control of the vessel. According to Article 15, every vessel which holds the nationality of the UAE is required to fly the flag of the UAE. For a vessel to acquire the nationality of the UAE, it must be registered in any of the UAE’s ports and owned by a natural or juridical person having UAE nationality. In the event of an LLC, at least 51% of the capital has to be owned by persons holding UAE nationality and directors of the same nationality under Article 14. A vessel cannot sail while flying the flag of UAE unless it is registered under the Maritime Code. Legal Capacity of the Ship A ship does not have the legal capacity to be sued and therefore, any claim arising out of or in connection with a ship has to be filed against the ship’s registered owners and not against the ship itself. Can a Vessel be Mortgaged? Yes, a vessel whose total tonnage exceeds ten tons may be mortgaged. This is provided under Article 97 of the Maritime Code. The mortgage of the vessel is undertaken by entering into a mortgage contract under Article 99, which should set out the name of the vessel, capacity, nationality, port of registration and the date of the certificate of registration. Once the mortgage has been secured, it has to be registered at the bureau of the port of registration of the vessel under Article 102. The Maritime Code does not specify the mandatory terms of the mortgage and it appears that the legislator left it to the parties to determine the terms and conditions of the mortgage. That said, Article 1440 of Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 clarifies that the terms of the mortgage expire upon the expiration of the debt. The Arrest of the Vessel A vessel can only be arrested in satisfaction of a “maritime debt”. A maritime debt has been defined under Article 115 of the Maritime Code. Article 115/2 states that: The expression “maritime debt” shall mean a claim in respect of a right arising out of any of the following causes: 1) Damage caused by the vessel because of a collision or otherwise 2) Loss of life or personal injuries occasioned by the vessel and arising out of the use thereof. 3) Assistance and salvage. 4) Contracts relating to the use or exploitation of the vessel under a charter party or otherwise 5) Contracts relating to the carriage of goods under a charter party, bill of lading, or other documents, 6) Loss of or damage to goods or chattels being carried on board the vessel 7) General average. 8) Towage or pilotage of the vessel. 9) Supplies of products or equipment necessary for the utilization or maintenance of the vessel, in whichever place the supply is made. 10) Construction, repair or fitting out of the vessel, and costs of it being in dock. 11) Sums expended by the master, shippers, charterers or agents on account of the vessel or account of the owner thereof. 12) Wages of the master, officers and crew, and other persons working on board the vessel under a contract of maritime employment. 13) A dispute as to the ownership of the vessel 14) A dispute in connection with the co-ownership of the vessel, or with the possession or use thereof, or with the right to the profits arising out of the use thereof. 15) A maritime mortgage How to File for a Ship Arrest? In order to file a ship arrest application, the party must provide a power of attorney signed by it in favour of a local advocate, and the power of attorney must be signed before a notary public in the UAE. The application for ship arrest is to be filed with the civil court having jurisdiction. The ship arrest will only be ordered for the satisfaction of a maritime debt. An arrested vessel is forbidden to sail under Article 118. Setting Aside an Order for Arrest According to Article 118/2, an order of arrest can be set aside by the civil court if a guarantee or any other security is presented before the court which is sufficient to satisfy the debt. However, where the maritime debts relate to the dispute as to ownership, co-ownership, possession, use or right to profits arising out of the use of the vessel, the order of arrest may not be set aside under Article 118/2. Conclusion The laws governing the shipping industry in the UAE are complex and wide, although it is clear that the goal is to promote domestic and foreign trade in the country, economic security and develop UAE as the biggest maritime location in the world. https://www.professionallawyer.me/legal-articles/maritime-law/all-you-need-to-know-about-maritime-trade-law-in-the-uae

What Is The Procedure In Transferring A Property In The UAE?

UAE continues to be one of the most attractive jurisdictions for foreign direct investment. Real estate is a crucial sector towards garnering more investment into UAE. In fact, high value investment in UAE real estate, subject to fulfilling the specified conditions, may also help a non-resident buyer in obtaining a long-term UAE visa. The Federal Law No 5 of 1985 (Civil Code) is the overarching law which provides for the types of property and deals with the rights deriving from ownership of land. That said, each Emirate has issued its own laws on the acquisition and transfer of land and these should be referred to for specific advice. Types of Real Estate Following are the types of real estate recognized in the UAE. 1) Freehold It is the unlimited ownership right of the property on a permanent basis. Specified areas in the UAE are considered as freehold land. 2) Usufruct This is a right to use and exploit the property owned by another person for a limited period of time. This right is subject to the property not undergoing any change. 3) Musataha This is a right to undertake construction on land for a period not exceeding 50 years. The new construction made is owned by the holder of the Musataha right and he has the right to dispose the new construction along with the right of Musataha. Who can Buy Property in the UAE? UAE citizens, judicial persons, expats and even non- UAE residents can buy property in the UAE, subject to meeting specified conditions. Transfer of Property According to the Civil Code, a property may not be transferred between parties unless it is registered in accordance with law. The Dubai Law 7 of 2006, which deals with property registration in the Emirate of Dubai clarifies that all actions related to establishment, transfer, change or removal of a property right will not have any effect unless it is registered in the property register. The title deeds that are issued by the authorities is treated as absolute evidence in proving property rights under the Dubai real estate law. For property to be transferred and registered in the UAE, broadly the following steps have to be completed. Due Diligence: A due diligence on the property is conducted to confirm that that seller has the complete right to sell the concerned property. Typically, property due diligence includes reviewing the title documents, physically inspecting the property and examining the property register, if possible. Term Sheet & Contract of Sale: Buyer and seller usually enter into a term sheet or a memorandum of understanding setting out the fundamental terms of the deal, as agreed between the parties. The term sheet is usually valid for a limited period, until the signing of the sale contract and is usually subject to completion of a satisfactory due diligence. The sale contract should have details of the property, the buyer and the seller, purchase price, terms of payment, governing law, dispute resolution and a termination clause. If the authorities have specified a standard sales contract, then that template should be used with an annexure setting out the additional terms. The Civil Code sets out some general provisions that should be mentioned in a sale contract. For instance, Article 491 states that the contract should state that the buyer had knowledge of the sale and cannot annul the contract for lack of knowledge, unless it is proved that the seller had deceived the buyer. The procedure of transfer and registration of the property may differ for each Emirate. Generally, the procedure involves submission of the documents with the authorities, payment of the purchase price and receipt of payment, verification of the transaction and issuance of the title deed to the buyer. https://www.professionallawyer.me/legal-articles/property-law/what-is-the-procedure-in-transferring-a-property-in-the-uae

101+ Inspiring Good Morning Quotes to Start Your Day With a Positive Attitude

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Appeal Procedure Before UAE Courts

A decision issued by the Court of First Instance, which is the primary court, whether in a civil or criminal matter, may be appealed before the Court of Appeal. Grounds of Appeal in Criminal and Civil Matters The Court of Appeal may hear the appeal from the Court of First Instance on specified grounds. Under Article 158 of the Federal Law No 11 of 1992 (Civil Procedures Law), the following decisions may be appealed: 1) The decisions issued within the final quorum by the court of first instance, due to breach of the jurisdiction rules related to the public policy or because of the occurrence of an invalidity in the judgment or the decision or an invalidity in the procedures which has affected the judgment or the decision. 2) All the judgment or decisions within the final quorum may be appealed as well if the decision was issued in contradiction to a preceding judgment or decision not having acquired res judicata effect, and in such circumstance, the preceding decision shall be considered appealed by the force of law if it hasn’t become final when the appeal was filed. The appeal has to be filed within 30 days from the date of issuance of judgement under Article 159 of the Civil Procedures Law, unless the statute stipulates otherwise. The appeal is to be filed by submitting a pleading under Article 162 of the Civil Procedures Law. The pleading includes a statement of the appealed judgement, grounds of appeal, motion and information on the name of litigants and their details including capacities and their domiciles, amongst others. The appellant is required to deposit a security amount with the treasury. In criminal matters, the accused and the public prosecution may appeal the judgements rendered by the criminal courts of first degree under Article 230 of Federal Law No 35 of 1992 (Criminal Procedural Law). It should be noted that any judgment which pronounces a death sentence is considered to have been appealed de jure and its execution is stayed. Under Article 234 of the Criminal Procedural Law, the appeal to the appellate court is to be lodged within 15 days as of the date of pronouncing the judgement. The public prosecutor may appeal within 30 days from the time the judgement is rendered. Decisions of the Appellate Court & Further Appeal If the Court of Appeal deems that there is nullity in the judgment or procedures which affected the decision of the court of first instance, then it will cancel the decision under Articles 166 of the Civil Procedures Law and 242 of the Criminal Procedures Law. In criminal matters, it may re-judge the case, while in civil matters, it may decide the action it wants to pursue. The matter could also be returned to the court of first instance in some situations. The decision of the Court of Appeal may be further appealed to the Cassation Court. Under Article 173 of the Civil Procedures Law, an appeal may be filed before the Cassation Court in the following cases. * If the appealed judgment was based on breach of law or a mistake in its application or interpretation. * If a nullity in the judgement or in the procedures has affected the judgement. * If the appealed judgement was issued contrary to the rules of the jurisdiction. * If the dispute was adjudicated contrary to another decision which was issued in the same subject-matter among the same litigants and acquired the force of res judicata. * The decision’s lack of reasons, inadequacy or its ambiguity. * If the decision has ruled for matters not requested by the litigants or more than that requested by the litigants. In criminal matters, the final judgments rendered by the Court of Appeal in a felony or misdemeanor may also be appealed before the Cassation Court on the grounds mentioned in Article 244 of the Criminal Procedures Law. These grounds are explained below. * In case the challenged judgment is based on a violation of the law or a mistake in its application or interpretation. * If the judgment is void or there is a nullity in the procedures affecting the judgment. * If the court has adjudged the civil claim in excess of the amount claimed. * If the judgment is void of any justification or if it is insufficient or obscure. * If two contradictory judgments have been rendered on the same act. Under Article 256 of the Criminal Procedures Law, a public prosecutor will either, directly or upon a written request of the minister of Justice, challenge the final judgments, regardless of the court that rendered it, before the Cassation Court, where the challenge is based on a violation, misapplication or misinterpretation of the law, in the following cases. Judgments which the law does not allow the parties to challenge. Judgments in which parties have relinquished their right to challenge or have filed one but it was not accepted. Conclusion The procedure explained gives a broad overview of the process to be followed when a decision issued by the lower courts is challenged. In all such instances, it is crucial that experienced lawyers who have extensive skill and expertise to deal with these matters are hired, who can take on such cases and help in getting optimal results. https://www.professionallawyer.me/blog/civil-law/appeal-procedure-before-uae-courts/

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Law on Family Matters for Expatriates living in the UAE: Part III

Introduction In Part III of our series on family law-related issues for expatriates in the UAE, we turn our focus to the matters related to child custody, child relocation and abduction, and inheritance, as governed by the UAE laws. Custody and Guardianship Under the UAE Personal Status Law of 2005, there is a difference between a custodian and a guardian. A custodian is the one who has the physical safekeeping of the child whereas a guardian has the legal or moral custody. A mother is the natural custodian of the child under the UAE Personal Status Law with the father being the guardian. Usually, the mother does not lose custody unless she is unfit to take care of the child or she puts the child’s life at risk. Similarly, guardianship is unlikely to be taken from the father unless he has committed sexual crimes, including towards his children or has been detained for more than a year. The physical custody is with the mother till the boy turns 11 years old and the girl turns 13 years old if there are no circumstances which affect the interest of the child. The governing rule in determining custody cases is the best interest of the child. On the contrary, following the provisions of the new Federal-Decree Law No. 41 of 2022 On Civil Personal Status, which applies to the non-Muslims in the country, custody is shared equally between the parents, and there is no distinction between custodian and guardian. Also, either party can move an application to the court to waive their right to custody or exclude the other from joint custody. Non-Muslims in the UAE also have the option to apply the laws of their home country if they do not want to be governed by the new law. Child Relocation Under the UAE Personal Status Law of 2005, the child cannot be relocated out of the UAE without the written consent of both parents. If the custodian (mother) wants to relocate the child out of the UAE, the guardian (father) would need to approve it. Even a short visit would require the guardian’s permission. In case the guardian refuses to give consent, the custodian has the right to raise a request to the family courts, which will decide on the request. That said, the Dubai cassation courts have held that the freedom to travel is a constitutional right of every person in the UAE and this right will not be restricted unless a valid reason is provided. Practically, the court issue approvals for short visits even if the husband has not agreed, provided some guarantees, in the form of a passport of a guarantor, are submitted to the court. The guarantees to be provided are based on the discretion of the courts. The rules regarding the relocation of children are similar for non-Muslims to the extent of requiring approval from both parties. Going by the provision of Article 15 of Federal Decree-Law No. 41 of 2022, if there are no special provisions in the new law on a certain issue, it will be governed by the existing laws in place. Child Abduction Child abductions do happen in family dispute cases and typically are either through abduction out of the UAE or into the UAE. If the parents are UAE residents and one parent abducts the child from UAE to another country, the resident parent first has to apply for a custody claim before the UAE courts. Once the parent obtains the custody court order, they may then file a criminal case for child abduction before the UAE courts, followed by filing a request to Interpol for extradition. When a child has been abducted from another country into the UAE, there are several considerations to keep in mind. One option that could be considered is filing an urgent application before the UAE courts to deliver the child back to the parent if the child is young and abducted from abroad into the UAE. UAE is not a part of the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction and therefore applies its laws in child abduction matters. The UAE courts are proactive and likely to decide on the case within a few days. If the wife has child custody through a court order in a foreign country, she may file a criminal case before the UAE courts or request the courts to recognize the foreign court order giving her custody. The UAE can enforce a foreign judgment provided that it is not against the public policy of the UAE. Inheritance Inheritance is one of the key issues for expatriates who are settled in the UAE. The UAE Personal Status Law of 2005 continues to govern the inheritance procedures for Muslims, whereas inheritance for non-Muslims in the country is governed by Federal Decree-Law No. 41 of 2022 On Civil Personal Status, irrespective of whether they are citizens or expatriates. However, expatriates can still choose to apply the laws of their own country or choose to apply other laws in force in the UAE. As for the UAE Personal Status Law of 2005, the primary heirs, such as the spouses, children, parents, grandparents, siblings etc. are given priority, but the number of shares differs, under different circumstances. Moreover, a person can only bequeath one-third of his estate, and the estate will devolve once the funeral costs, unpaid debts and will of the deceased have been determined. On the other hand, under Federal Decree-Law No. 41 of 2022, a person can bequeath all the estate in UAE to one person, or if there is no will, the estate will devolve upon the heirs without distinction between males and females. Conclusion This concludes our discussion on the federal laws applicable to personal status matters in the UAE. Disclaimer: The above information might not apply if both parties are non-muslim. Starting from the 1st of February 2023, UAE issued specific family law to be applied between non-muslim expatriate residents in case none of them wanted to apply his/her home country's law in the UAE. To know more information about this law, please feel free to click this link. https://www.professionallawyer.me/legal-articles/family-law/law-on-family-matters-for-expatriates-living-in-uae-part-iii

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Ultimate Guide To Build A Small Business Website in 2023

Every customer and every penny is important for a small business. While that is the case, in this digital environment, it is also important for your small business to have an online presence. In such a situation, going to a web development company and spending your capital doesn’t make sense. In that case, there are multiple online tools and technologies that allow you to DIY your business website. You can build a stunning website without any prior experience. All the tools are extremely affordable and can help you build your online presence with pennies. This article will explain what tools you can use to build your website while being on a tight budget. However, the best way to solidify your brand and make your message consistent across platforms is to hire the best Web Development Companies in Chennai to build a website. You can get to it once you grow your business and are ready to reinvest your profit into the company’s growth. Read more: https://absoluteapplabs.com/8-steps-to-build-a-small-business-website-in-2023-for-free/

Top 5 Laptops for architects under 1,000 dollars

As an architect, a reliable laptop is essential for your daily work. But, finding the perfect laptop that meets your requirements and fits your budget can be challenging. Fortunately, in 2023, there are several high-quality laptops available for architects under $1,000. This article will provide a list of the top ten laptops under $1,000 that are ideal for architects in 2023. https://hnrepublic.com/best-laptops-for-architects-under-1000/ Acer Nitro 5 If you’re an architect in search of a laptop that can handle demanding software applications, the Acer Nitro 5 Gaming Laptop is a powerful machine worth considering. Its 15.6-inch Full HD display with a 144Hz refresh rate provides a seamless visual experience, making it ideal for tasks such as 3D modeling and rendering. This laptop is equipped with a 10th generation Intel Core i5–10300H processor, which can reach speeds of up to 4.5GHz, and a GeForce RTX 3050 graphics card that delivers excellent performance for gaming and creative tasks. With 16GB of RAM and a 512GB PCIe SSD, this laptop offers ample storage and fast data access speeds. In addition, the Acer Nitro 5 Gaming Laptop features WiFi6 and a backlit keyboard, making it a convenient option for architects who work on-the-go. Overall, this laptop offers a great combination of performance, storage, and display, making it one of the top laptops in its price range for architects who require a powerful machine to handle demanding software applications. Lenovo IdeaPad For architects in need of a high-performing laptop, the Lenovo Flagship IdeaPad is a powerful option. Its 15.6-inch FHD IPS touchscreen display delivers crisp and clear visuals, enabling architects to work on detailed designs and models with ease. This laptop is powered by the 8-Core AMD Ryzen 7 5700U processor, which delivers impressive performance with speeds of up to 4.3GHz. With 24GB of RAM and a 1TB SSD, it provides ample storage space and fast data access speeds. Other features include a fingerprint reader for secure access, WiFi 6 connectivity, and up to 10 hours of battery life. Overall, the Lenovo 2022 Flagship IdeaPad offers excellent value for money, providing architects with a reliable and high-performing laptop. Its combination of powerful hardware, ample storage space, and useful features make it a great choice for architects seeking a top-performing machine. HP Pavilion 15 If you’re an architect seeking a high-performing laptop that is both powerful and portable, the HP Pavilion 15 Laptop is an excellent option. Its 11th Generation Intel Core i7–1165G7 Processor runs complex software applications at lightning-fast speeds, enabling architects to work efficiently. This laptop comes with 512GB of SSD storage and 16GB of RAM, providing plenty of room to store all of your work files and projects. The Full HD IPS micro-edge display delivers vivid and clear visuals, making it easy to work on intricate designs and models. The HP Pavilion 15 Laptop comes with the cutting-edge and user-friendly Windows 11 Pro operating system. Its small size and extended battery life make it ideal for working on-the-go, and its full-sized keyboard and numeric keypad guarantee comfortable and productive usage. Overall, the HP Pavilion 15 Laptop is a dependable and high-performing machine that architects seeking a powerful and portable laptop should consider. Its combination of powerful hardware, ample storage space, and long battery life make it a great choice for architects in need of a reliable and efficient laptop. Dell Inspiron 15 If you’re an architect searching for a dependable and robust laptop that can handle demanding workloads, the Dell Inspiron Laptop is an excellent option. The 15.6-inch HD display produces sharp and clear visuals, making it ideal for working on detailed designs and models. This laptop features an AMD Ryzen 5 3450U processor and 32GB of RAM, making it capable of handling complex tasks with ease. The 512GB SSD provides ample storage space for files and applications, while the webcam, HDMI port, and SD card reader allow for seamless collaboration with colleagues and clients. The laptop is also equipped with Wi-Fi connectivity, enabling you to remain connected to the internet regardless of your location. Additionally, Windows 11 Home provides a modern and user-friendly interface, making it simple to navigate and use your laptop effectively. All things considered, the Dell Inspiron Laptop is an excellent option for architects who require a dependable and high-performing laptop at a reasonable price. Its combination of power, storage, and features makes it a fantastic choice for anyone on a tight budget. ASUS VivoBook S15 If you’re an architect who requires a powerful and portable laptop, the ASUS VivoBook S15 S533 is a top option. Its 15.6" FHD display offers clear and vibrant visuals, making it ideal for working on detailed designs and models. With an Intel Core i7–1165G7 CPU and 16GB DDR4 RAM, this laptop provides lightning-fast speeds and the ability to multitask with ease. The 512GB PCIe SSD offers ample storage for all your work files and projects. Additional features of the ASUS VivoBook S15 S533 include a fingerprint reader for enhanced security and convenience, as well as Wi-Fi 6 for fast and reliable internet connectivity. Windows 10 Home comes preinstalled, providing a familiar and easy-to-use operating system. Overall, the ASUS VivoBook S15 S533 is an excellent choice for architects who need a powerful and portable laptop. Its combination of powerful hardware, ample storage, and convenient features make it a reliable and high-performing machine for any architect on-the-go. To select a laptop suitable for architecture work, it’s crucial to assess the processor, RAM, storage, graphics card, and display. Architects require a powerful processor to operate complex software like AutoCAD and Revit, and abundant RAM to multitask. Solid-state drives (SSD) with faster boot and load times and dedicated graphics cards are essential to run 3D modeling apps smoothly. Architects need to work with accurate colors and wide viewing angles, necessitating high-quality displays. Apart from hardware specifications, size, weight, and battery life are also important considerations. Architects need to work while traveling, hence lightweight laptops with long battery life are imperative. Additionally, comfortable keyboards and touchpads are required for extended work sessions. In summary, various laptops below $1000 are ideal for architects in 2023. The 10 laptops discussed in this article offer a wide range of features and specifications that meet the needs of architecture work, from robust processors and abundant RAM to dedicated graphics cards and top-notch displays. When choosing a laptop, it’s essential to consider one’s specific requirements, budget, hardware specifications, size, weight, and battery life. Architects can work productively and efficiently with a suitable laptop, both at the office and on-the-go. https://hnrepublic.com/best-laptops-for-architects-under-1000/

Can I cancel my Delta Airlines Flight Ticket?

Delta Airline is one of the cheapest airlines in the United States. It offers its services all over the world. If you have booked your reservation with cancel my Delta Airlines Flight Ticket but need to cancel the flight for any reason, it is always recommended to review all cancellation policies before making a cancellation. Go through the following steps and get all the information quickly. What is Delta Airlines cancellation policy? Go through the following steps to learn everything about Delta Airlines cancellation policy in a very visual way and to do it easily. Delta Airline also has a 24-hour cancellation policy, according to which the user can easily cancel the reservation if it is made within 24 hours from the date of the original reservation. Also, the user will not be charged any cancellation fees The passenger can easily edit the booking within 24 hours and no fees will be charged. If the passenger canceled the flight and requested the refund, the refund depends on many factors such as ticket type and reservation type. If the passenger reservation ticket is a refundable ticket, the full amount will be applied to the reservation, and if the reservation is non-refundable, only the tax amount will be credited. If a problem occurs and the flight ticket is canceled by the airline itself, the passenger can easily receive some compensation amount from the Delta Airlines according to the Delta Airline cancellation policy. Passengers also have the option to convert the reservation ticket into the point, which can then later be used for future reservations. For the Delta flight cancellation process, the user must first open the browser, locate the official website and hover the cursor to manage the “My Booking” section. Enter the reservation number or PNR number to click the search option. The flight will be displayed on the screen, click on the specific flight and then tap on the edit option. Once this is done, click on the “Cancel” option. The user can also request the refund or save the booking for a future reservation It will take at least 3-4 business days from the original booking for the refund to be issued. The user can even cancel the booking with the help of a toll-free offline number as the user just needs to provide the representative with the booking details and then the flight is easily canceled and the refund is arranged hassle-free. That was all the information and details of Delta's cancellation policy. If you require any further information or details regarding Delta Airlines cancellation policy, do not hesitate to contact a customer care representative to speak with their trained and experienced representatives, they will try to help in any way they can. Delta is one of the busiest airlines that consists of very flexible and easy cancellation policies. Users can also send an email to Delta's official email address for easy answering of further questions.

How to Speak to someone at Turkish Airlines?

Many of you must have put your plans on hold because of the pandemic. But since you heard about the COVID-19 vaccine, all you want to do is pack your bag and get ready for your favorite destination, right? Turkish Airlines is the number one choice when it comes to getting away from it all and discovering the world. But planning a trip during the pandemic will not be easy, there will often be times when you want to speak to the travel experts. In this article, you will not only find the Speak to someone at Turkish Airlines customer service number, but also how the experts can help you. Also, you will learn the method of booking flights with Turkish Airlines and other important details. About Turkish Airlines Turkish Airlines was founded in 1933 with just five aircraft. Today it is a four-star airline that travels to around 250 countries in the world with around 250 aircraft. Turkish Airlines services are famous for their hospitality and affordable prices. Turkish Airlines Customer Service Department makes every effort to listen to passengers and suggest the most appropriate solutions. Turkish Airlines customer service phone number 1-866-980-7279 is the best toll free number for Turkish customer support. Instead of looking for travel experts and using the services that will cost you arm and leg, you can call this number and speak to Turkish Airline Customer Service and remove any doubt. Wondering how to talk to a travel agent without putting the call on hold for hours? Before learning how to talk to a Turkish Airlines customer service provider, you need to know how to make the call productive. Things to remember while Turkish Airlines Customer Service Number Even though Turkish Airlines customer support unit is fully committed to providing the most suitable solutions to your problems, chances are you may not have a productive conversation with them. That is why we have noted some things you should do or consider before calling Turkish Airlines USA phone number. If you have any problems. Define your problem and tell the agent what you have tried to do to get rid of it. Have a pad and pen ready to jot down the notes or steps that will be instructed by the Turkish customer service provider. Make sure you're talking to a real person. Press the required button on your phone to skip the recorded session. Call Turkish Airlines Beirut phone number in the morning, it is the best time of day to call. If it is your reserved flight, keep the details of the flights e.g. B. "Email confirmation", "Name (who booked the flight)", "Departure and arrival details", etc. Once you are done with the above, take out your phone and dial the Turkish Airlines phone number to speak to a customer service provider.

Empowering Women Through Fashion: Novita'S Partnership With Dress For Success Charity

Novita partnered with Dress for Success, a Novita charity partnership that provides professional attire and services to empower women in need. Through this partnership, Novita has been able to provide hundreds of disadvantaged women with the clothing they need to look their best and feel confident when entering the workforce. In addition, Novita also helps these women by providing career advice and guidance through workshops and mentoring programs. The goal is not only to ensure that these women have appropriate clothing upon entering the workforce but also offer them support so they can be successful once employed. This program has helped many low-income individuals enhance their confidence which leads to better job opportunities as well as an improved quality of life. Ultimately, this partnership between Novita and Dress for Success serves as an example of how fashion can be used to empower women who often don't have access or resources on their own. Novita, a fashion company dedicated to empowering women, recently partnered with Dress For Success Charity and launched an impactful project. The initiative aims to provide stylish clothing that is both affordable and accessible for the less privileged. Through this project, Novita hopes to help those economically disadvantaged women look their best while also providing them with the confidence they need in order to succeed professionally. With this partnership, Novita has taken an important step towards advancing economic equality and affording all women equal opportunities in life. Is Dress for Success a Charity? Yes, Dress for Success is a charity. Established in 1997, it is an international non-profit organization that provides professional attire to women who are entering or re-entering the workforce and offers support services such as job search assistance and lifestyle coaching. The mission of Dress for Success is to promote economic independence of disadvantaged women by providing them with professional attire, the necessary tools and resources they need to be successful in work and life. The organization has over 150 affiliates located throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, New Zealand, Poland, Australia and the United Kingdom. In addition to its clothing donations program which supplies thousands of suits each year through its global network of partners including corporations and individual donors; Dress for Success also supports programs like "Women's Empowerment Workshops" which focus on building self-esteem skills that help clients gain meaningful employment opportunities. How is Dress for Success Funded? Dress for Success is a non-profit organization that helps women in need become economically independent. It is funded through donations from individuals, corporations, foundations, and government grants. Donations are accepted online or by mail and can be designated for specific programs or geographical areas. Corporate partnerships are also an important source of funding; companies may sponsor clothing drives, host fundraising events, or provide volunteer support. Grants from governments and foundations often target particular projects within Dress for Success’s mission to empower disadvantaged women with job placement services, career development resources and professional attire at no cost to them. Conclusion The partnership between Novita and Dress for Success is a powerful example of how fashion can be used to uplift women in the community. Through their collaboration, they are creating an empowering environment that provides essential resources and support for those who need it most.

Evidence Law in The United Arab Emirates – An Overview

General Overview Broadly, evidence means any information which is presented by either party in a legal proceeding to provide support in a case. The objective is to enable the courts to resolve or decide the matter conclusively. In the UAE, evidence in civil and commercial matters is governed and regulated by the Federal Law No. 10 of 1992 On Evidence in Civil and Commercial Transactions (Evidence Law). The UAE Evidence Law sets out the procedure and guidelines for presenting written evidence, the use of oral witnesses, expert evidence and other related matters. Background to the UAE Legal System The UAE is made up of 7 emirates - Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al-Quwain and Fujairah. The UAE follows a civil legal system in which the judgments from the courts act as guidelines for future cases which need not be mandatorily followed. That said, the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), a free zone established within UAE, has its own legal and regulatory framework for civil and commercial matters which is based on common law principles. The DIFC courts enforce common law principles for resolving civil and commercial law matters. However, the DIFC continues to be subject to UAE criminal laws. What are the general rules of evidence? According to Article 1 of the Evidence Law, the plaintiff has to prove his right and the defendant has to disprove it. The facts which have to be proved must be related to the case, productive and acceptable. If there is no guidance on a matter of evidence, the rules of Islamic Shari’a would be followed, in accordance with Article 6 of the Evidence Law. Expert Evidence – Meaning and Scope If there are matters which require the opinion of an expert, the courts may seek the opinion of the relevant expert for adjudicating a case under Article 69. The Federal Law No 7 of 2012 on the Regulation of Expertise before the Judicial Authorities (Expertise Law) states the criteria for registering as an expert with the Ministry of Justice. According to Article 3, an expert must be of good conduct and behavior, not have been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor involving breach of honour or trust, have a university degree with accreditation in his field of specialization, and have experience of 7 years after graduation in his area of expertise in case of a citizen and 15 years in case of non-citizens, amongst others. The expert must pass the procedures and tests prescribed by the Ministry. The expert will prepare a report on the matter, indicating his opinion and the basis of his opinion under Article 84 of the Expertise Law. Parties are given a short period to submit their comments and give responses to the initial report, after which the final report is submitted to the judge. It should be noted that the expert’s opinion is not binding on the court and where a decision is issued by the court which is contrary to the expert’s opinion, the reasons to disregard the expert opinion will have to be stated under Article 90 of the Evidence Law. Non-experts will not be permitted to practice the profession of expertise in the legal proceedings, except where the parties to litigation have agreed to choose experts. In this case, the court will approve their agreement under Article 70 of the Evidence Law and Article 2 of the Expertise Law. Kinds of Evidence The Evidence Law recognizes both written evidence and oral evidences. Written evidence could be in the form of official statements, customary statements, etc., while oral evidences include testimony of witnesses. Documents can be entered either in physical form or electronically. According to Article 17 (bis) of the Evidence Law, electronic signature, writings, correspondence, registers, and documents have the same binding force as physical signatures, writings, correspondence, registers and official and customary documents, if it fulfils the conditions and provisions of the physical documents under the Evidence Law. https://www.professionallawyer.me/legal-articles/civil-law/evidence-law-in-the-uae-an-overview

Online shopping site in india

Online shopping is considered hassle-free. The purpose of Online Shopping Sites in India is to provide customers with convenience while shopping. It can be anything like clothes, household materials, books, or electronic equipment. Online shops are considered the one-stop platforms for buying and selling any item. Cybermart is one of the leading E-commerce companies. Here we have a wide variety and brands with fascinating colors, quality and adorable outfits, accessories that are bombarding with your style, a Classy Men's collection, and so on. Smartbuy Cybermart was well-established in the US but now expanded to India. On July 23, 2021, it incorporated its origin in Hyderabad. It is a non-government organization. The paid-up and the authorized company share is 1,00,000. The team works efficiently in delivering products that have efficient qualities. This commercial company prioritizes the requirements of customers and provides reasonable prices along with that there will be seasonal & festival offers on various brands. All materials required by customers are accessible on the website. Being stylish and trendy with transparency on products are sold on the website. Let's discuss how women's apparel collections are unique. There are size options along with colors and excellent quality fabrics. Indian and western wear based on current fashion gathered in one place in Cybermart. The one who wants to grab attention, gain lime-light and adore self-beauty should visit and grab the deals on the accessories and footwear ranges. Men’s clothing range consists of multiple options based on the color combinations for casual daily wear jackets and hoodies. The availability of distinct fashion wear does not compromise on quality. Huge sales and discounts on multiple products can be grabbed by making Cybermart the best place to shop and even in lesser duration, one can obtain the products. Easy to return and deliver the products in time increases the credibility of the product and helps in gaining customers' trust. The accessories and the collection of footwear for casual and sports for men are excellent. Cybermart is the leading commercial website that has numerous products in fashion, household, and electronics. All affordable products online that to the tip of the finger is added advantage of our products. When quality meets quantity miracles happen so that is the case here. Men acquire classy, decent, and at the same time trendy collections for the upgradation of their wardrobe. All wardrobe essentials for men are available on the Cybermart online shopping site in India. Either it can be formal, casual, T-shirts, buttons, and in the footwear collection of men's shoes, and loafers of various brands for casual, party, and stylish wear included. In Any product that sells online or E-commerce platform must be reasonable and of good quality. Cybermart customers never complain about the product’s quality. The customer services provided by Cybermart are excellent. Transparency of brands the customers wanted buy increases the customer’s trust.

Workplace injuries can happen to anyone. Don't suffer in silence!

Follow these tips to get the compensation you deserve: https://www.thetexasattorney.com/personal-injury/what-to-do-when-injured-at-work/

How is Maritime Law Enforced in the UAE?

Commercial Maritime Law in the United Arab Emirates is regulated and enforced by Federal Law No. 26 of 1981 (Maritime Code). A brief snapshot of some key features of the Maritime Code is set out below, which have implications for maritime trade and commerce. Registration of Vessels Vessels having UAE nationality are required to be registered with the Maritime Inspection Department under Article 18. There are exceptions to this requirement, with fishing boats, pleasure boats, or boats used in commerce, having tonnage less than 10 tons, not required to register with the authority. Operating a vessel which flies the UAE flag but is not registered under the Maritime Code is punishable with imprisonment of up to 1 year or a fine of up to AED 50,000 or both. The vessel may also be confiscated under Article 44. Cargo Contracts & Losses The Maritime Code regulates the contract of goods over maritime transport. Article 256 /1 defines a contract of maritime transport as follows. A contract of maritime transport is a contract whereby the carrier undertakes to carry goods from one port to another in consideration of freight that the shipper is obliged to pay. This contract is proved by a bill of lading which must contain details of the carrier, shipper and consignee, the goods being shipped, port of departure and arrival, name and nationality of the ship, freight charges and method of calculation, place and date of issuance of the bill, number of copies and signatures of the captain and shipper. The carrier is liable for losses or damages incurred to the goods from the time of receipt of goods till delivery (with exceptions set out under Article 275). That said, the liability of a carrier is limited to AED 10,000 for each package or AED 30 for each kilogram of the weight of goods, whichever is higher unless the parties have agreed on a higher limit of liability under Article 276/4 of the Maritime Code. Collision of Vessels Default by one of the vessels leading to a collision would result in the defaulting vessel compensating the non-defaulting vessel for the damage caused under Article 320 of the Maritime Code. However, Article 321/1 clarifies that in case the default is of more than one party, the liability of each vessel would be estimated based on the proportion of default of the defaulting vessels. Arrest of the Vessel A vessel could be arrested by an order of the civil court having jurisdiction solely on the ground of satisfaction of a maritime debt. A maritime debt has been defined under Article 115 of the Maritime Code as a claim in respect of a right arising out of any of the following causes: 1) Damage caused by the vessel because of a collision or otherwise 2) Loss of life or personal injuries occasioned by the vessel and arising out of the use thereof. 3)Assistance and salvage. 4) Contracts relating to the use or exploitation of the vessel under a charter party or otherwise 5) Contracts relating to the carriage of goods under a charter party, bill of lading, or other documents. 6) Loss of or damage to goods or chattels being carried on board the vessel 7) General average. 8) Towage or pilotage of the vessel. 9) Supplies of products or equipment necessary for the utilization or maintenance of the vessel, in whichever place the supply is made. 10) Construction, repair or fitting out of the vessel, and costs of it being in dock. 11) Sums expended by the master, shippers, charterers or agents on account of the vessel or account of the owner thereof. 12) Wages of the master, officers and crew, and other persons working on board the vessel under a contract of maritime employment. 13) A dispute as to the ownership of the vessel 14) A dispute in connection with the co-ownership of the vessel, or with the possession or use thereof, or with the right to the profits arising out of the use thereof. 15) A maritime mortgage The order of arrest can be set aside by the civil court if a guarantee or any other security which is sufficient to satisfy the debt is presented before the court under Article 118/2 of the Maritime Code. That said, where the maritime debts relate to the dispute as to ownership, co-ownership, possession, use or right to profits arising out of the use of the vessel, the order of arrest may not be set aside. An arrested vessel is forbidden to sail. Conclusion Maritime jurisprudence is constantly evolving as the UAE grows into one of the biggest locations for maritime operations and follows international best practices and standards for governing maritime matters. https://www.professionallawyer.me/legal-articles/maritime-law/how-is-maritime-law-enforced-in-the-uae